WILCOXON SIGNED RANK
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Using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test in Research
This easy tutorial will show you How to Run the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test in SPSS, and how to interpret the result.
Wilcoxon signed-rank test, a rank test used in nonparametric statistics can be considered as a backup for t-test where the independent variable is binary but the dependent variable is not normally distributed. (Source)
To clarify, we use the Wilcoxon test to compare two sets of scores that come from the same participants but we should measure in two different periods or before and after some event for example, before and after the training.
Assumptions of the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test
When performing the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test procedure the following assumptions are required
- continuous or ordinal (Likert scale) dependent variable
- categorical (two related groups) independent variable
An Example: the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test
This guide will explain, step by step, how to run the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test in SPSS statistical software by using an example.
We collected data for students’ English test scores before and after training. Therefore, we have one dependent variable English test score and one categorical independent variable with two groups (before and after training).
Null hypothesis:
There is no difference in the English test score before and after the training.
Alternative hypothesis:
There is a difference in English test scores before and after the training.
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How to Run Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test in SPSS: Explanation Step by Step
From the SPSS menu, choose to Analyze – Nonparametric tests – Legacy dialogs – 2 Related samples
A new window will open.
Firstly, From the left box transfer the variable English test score before training into box Test pairs Variable 1, and English test scores after training into box Test pairs Variable 2.
Secondly, check Wilcoxon in the box Test type.
Choose Options
In the Statistics box, check Descriptive and Quartiles. Click Continue and OK.
The results of the Wilcoxon signed-rank test will appear in the output window.
How to report a Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test results: Explanation Step by Step
How to Report descriptive statistics Table in SPSS Output?
The first table shows the descriptive statistics (number of observations, mean, standard deviation, minimum, maximum, percentiles) for English test scores before and after training.
Firstly, The average English test score before training was 65.19 (M=65.19; SD=20.06). The minimum was 41.00; the maximum was 100.00. The Median was 62.00.
Secondly, the average English test score after training was 79.09 (M=79.09; SD=16.20),
How to Report Rank Table in SPSS Output?
We can see that one student had a higher English test score before training, while 19 students had a higher English test score after training, and one student had the same English test score before and after training.
How to Report P-Value in Test Statistic Table SPSS Output?
The next table shows the Test statistics.
We should look p-value, which is row Asymp. Sig. (s-tailed).
If the p-value is higher than .05. Therefore, we fail to reject the null hypothesis.
However, the p-value is .000 in our example. So, we must reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there is a difference in English test scores before and after training.
Wilcoxon signed-rank test was conducted to determine whether training had an effect on the English test score. the results indicate a significant difference between English test score before training (M=65.19; SD=20.06) and English test score after training (M=79.09; SD=16.20), [Z = -3.533, p = .000]. We, therefore, must reject the null hypothesis and conclude that training had an effect on the English test score.
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